![]() The melting point is the temperature at which the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid.Ĭaesium – Properties Element Caesium Atomic Number 55 Symbol Cs Element Category Alkali Metal Phase at STP Solid Atomic Mass 132.9055 Density at STP 1.879 Electron Configuration 6s1 Possible Oxidation States +1 Electron Affinity 45.5 Electronegativity 0.79 1st Ionization Energy 3.8939 Year of Discovery 1860 Discoverer Kirchhoff, Gustav & Bunsen, Robert Thermal properties Melting Point 28.4 Boiling Point 669 Thermal Conductivity 36 Specific Heat 0.24 Heat of Fusion 2.092 Heat of Vaporization 67. At some point, the amplitude of vibration becomes so large that the atoms start to invade the space of their nearest neighbors and disturb them, and the melting process initiates. As a solid is heated, its particles vibrate more rapidly as the solid absorbs kinetic energy. The motion of individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid is restricted to vibrational motion about a fixed point. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice (crystalline solids, which include metals and ordinary ice) or irregularly (an amorphous solid such as common window glass), and are typically low in energy. Solids are similar to liquids in that both are condensed states, with particles that are far closer together than those of a gas. The first theory explaining the mechanism of melting in bulk was proposed by Lindemann, who used the vibration of atoms in the crystal to explain the melting transition. It is solid at room temperature but when it comes in contact with caesium, mercury, and rubidium, it becomes liquid (when heated slightly). This metal can be easily extracted as a by-product from iron pyrites, zinc blende, germanite, and bauxite. ![]() When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is called the freezing point or crystallization point. It consists of certain properties that make it very versatile. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard pressure. Adding heat will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change. In thermodynamics, the melting point defines a condition where the solid and liquid can exist in equilibrium. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from vapor to liquid, it is called the condensation point. The pressure at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given temperature is called the saturation pressure. The temperature at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given pressure is called the saturation temperature or boiling point. In thermodynamics, saturationdefines a condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together at a given temperature and pressure. Note that these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. Caesium – Melting Point and Boiling Point
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